Process for the manufacture of hollow bricks closed on all sides



Sept. 2, w24. Lswgzw H. TREITEL PROCESS FOR THE MANUFAOTURE 0F HOLLOWBRIOKs CLOSED ON ALL SIDES Patented Sept. 2;, 1924.

UNITE STATES HANS TRElTEL, 0F BERLIN, GERMANY.

PROCESS FOR 'FT-TE MANUEAGTUBE OF EOLLQW BBCIKS CLOSED ON ALL SIDES.

Application tiled ctobci' 21, 1922. Serial No. 596,124.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS TREITEL, a citizen of the German Republic, anda resident of Berlin, Germany, Grosse Frankfurterstrasse 106, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in a Process for theManufacture of Hollow Bricks'Closed on All Sides, of which the followingis a speciication.

lt has already been repeatedly attempted to produce hollow bricks closedon all sides, for instance by pressing or pasting the material formingthe outer wall of the hollow brick towards the hollow of the same toform a closure. However, the quantity of material used therefor dependsupon the thickness of the wall, which is generally too thin. Moreover,the material forming the closure is not subjected to pressure failing anabutment to press it upon.

The process according to the invention is characterized in that twooppositely lying walls of the brick to be closed are pressed and theirends provided with outer burrs or flanges in the course of the sameoperation, the said tianges being thereafter pressed towards and intoone another substantially at right-angles to the axis of the hollow forthe purpose of forming a closure.

The devices illustrated in Figures l to 7 relate to the process ascarried out on crankdriven, eccentric-driven or hydraulically drivenpresses or the like, in which the press ram or the press mould arereciprocated. Figures 8 to lO relate to two constructions ofcontinuous-working presses in which the process according to theinvention is carried into practice.

Figure l1 is a section along the line 11-11 of Figure 2.

In the device of Figure l, a press mould 2 is arranged on a table 1,-thesaid press mould being adapted to deal with one or more bricks. Afterthe mould is i'illed with the desired plastic material m, a cover 3 isplaced in position above the mould 2 so that a lateral space fw is left.The press ram or plunger 4 is thereafter thrust into the mould bymechanical pressure or otherwise. The material in the mould is nowdivided as illustrated in Figure 2 so that the space 'w between themould 2 and the cover 3 is filled with the said material. The

lunger 4f is now withdrawn until it is flush with the cover 8 (Figure3). A hollow brick is thus produced which is however not entirely closedbecause of the opening left by the plunger (Figure 2). The brick isclosed by the inward movement of press members 5 (Figure 3) onto thematerial iilling the spaces w of the mould, the said material extendingoutwardly by several thicknesses of the wall of the inished brick. rEhepress members 5 advance only as lfar as the outer dimension of thebrick, that is to say they do not penetrate into the walls of the brickback to their outer initial position.

The hollow brick is now finished and is ejected from the mould by anejector 6 preferably straightaway onto a drying frame (Figure a) afterthe press'plunger 4; and

the cover 3 have been previously removed.

The above-described operations may be carried out, if desired, on arotary press or on several presses, in sequence or in groups. To thatend, it is preferable to hollow out and are afterwards broughtsimultaneously a large number of bricks in f a common mould, to them andalso to cut t dimensions.

In order to put additional pressure onto the joint formed by thematerial of the closure which is inwardly pressed by the press members5, the mould 2 can be closed by a cover 8 the inner face of which isprovided with a ridge, as shown in Figure 5. The sunk-in end face thusgiven to the brick is subsequently cut flat.

Means are provided to prevent those parts of the walls of thin-walledbricks nearest to the outer burr or flange w being pressed in togetherwith the said burr. These means consist in strengthening the endangeredpoints by making the outer burr of material wider than is required toform the wall of the closure so that a portion o of the said em to theirdesired burr or flange is left intact by the impress-fv ing members 5(Figure 6). The walls are thus strengthenedl and protected while thebrick is being closed. The untouched por tion of the burr is strippedoif as waste when the brick is ejected.

In Fig. .7 a device is illustrated having oscillating press members 19.When the press plunger t is thrust into the mould 2, the press members19 are in the position shown in Fig. 7 in full-lines. The outer burrs orflanges w have then a wedge-like form. The pressing in of the burrs orflanges is effected by swinging the press menibers 19 inwardlyuntil'their faces adj ajress them, to eject ent to vtlre burrs form acommon level with e inner races or the mould 2. i The `following stepsmay for.. instance be resorted to in order to carry the invention intopracticeonqa continuous working press or the like (Figure 8).

.A hollow strip forme-dbygplunger l0 i the said;y rollers rotating 'infthe direction or motion or Vthe strip and'ercrmingsthe desired burrs4Von `the latter.v .These burrs -constitute the materialrequired/ft'o-rtorm the closing walls atfthe 'points whereft-he strip fis .eut

into bricks 'in known manner.` f' Topthat end,l

the-burrs l1 must be inwardly -pressed',be fore" theyare fcut, forinstance :by lmeansor smooth rollers llor by punches or the likepressino` the sai-dV burrs'inwardly at suitable .intervals or time. A.hollow strip is thus obtained which is separated inside by transvversewalls at a definite distance apart and forinedby the inwardly pressedlourrs` l1. The strip is to be cut at 'these points into separatebricks, this being carried out for instance with .known automaticVcutting apparatus. y f

igure-Q illustrates a l further `device by means or' which theprocess-according to the invention Jmay be carried out onl a continuousworkinb press. Vln thisyfdeyice a'y hollow strip is kpressed-over 'the'plunger l5 out or themouth 14, the thickness of two opposite walls oflthe brick being thatdesired for the hollow brick plus the width of therequired burr. rlwo transversally and op'positely arranged press members16 are located immediatelyat the point or issue of the hollow strip, thesaid press'member's being adapted i 'topress substantially at?right-angles `upon thestrip, When the press members 16 :are in "theinwardly projecting positiony (asshown) af strip having the `desiredthickness or lthe walls of thehollow brick issues from vthe mouththusnarrowed TheV press members v16 vare moved outwardly at 'intervals v'ortime corresponding y'fto the length of the brick, Yso thatthemou-th is'Vwidened by the thickness or the bu-rrb ZS-portion or the-:strip "nowcomes out ofthe mouth with atl1ick ened f f wall and,I `comes bei-tweenH-`the -v 'press 'f members which are brought back wardlyfiprojectingposition arten the strip A'has moved-@forward by a certainiextent-so/that-*th'e material of the burr. ('showngin dotted y li-nes) lyingoutsidef-fthedimensions to the. in-

f of the brick ispressed inwardly immediately lbehind *thei plunger YThepress? members rremain in this position until the abovedescribed.`operations .-.are .resfu ed,` The hollow strip with pressed-inpartitions thus obtained ais also turned in known manner into' singlebricks by cutting through the centre .of the `said partitions. v4 Y,

vAs the pressedl yinat'erial does lnot issue fromthe; usualrscrewpresses at uniform speed, the movements of the press members must bemadevdepen'denton the speed .fot advancerofvthe .outcoming strip -andythismay-.be done by. allowing the press members loro .move with thestrip, asisfthe'case withv the cutting/.wire ior. known cutting machines, or by.1 controlling the said press members" by: known measuring rollers.V,31; Shouldathe press members be moved at uniform intervals of time, itis .fthenrnecesJ saryeto equalize `the variations mspeed or thelzstrip;.To-.that end,r aregulator, lf?. for

instance is provided (Figure 9..) for Vvregulating the"pressurey insidethe pressy so that the said regulator isopened to a' greater or lesserextent-according, fasv the said pressure risesror drops. The materiallet outyfor regulation.purposes ispreferably vled back duit 18.

The speed of the strip being dependent .are arranged at'thewidened*mouth-piece of c the press in such a .manner that thela-Xis vorrotation ofeach press member lies nearlyfor exactly in the'. outersur-race ,or 'the bricks.

the outward swinging or the xpress member 2O rinto the positionsillustrated ,in Eigure 10 in full lines'the rooms w are vacated andthenfilled by the materialpressed after.

yBy the .following inward swinging of 'the -prcss members the portions wor the matelri'al yare pressed in the interior or the bricks adjacentthe end or the plunger .l5 and .herebythe brick is closed Inthisposition,

to thelhopper ot the press through'the con-V shown in the drawing indotted lines, re-'V main the "press members, until `the`stri`p isadvanced for theamount'or the length or a brick, then the operationisrepeatedg A detrimental; vacuumA may easily' form in the hollow. or. thebrick when' thefplunger or Score is; withdrawn `:tromthe material sur-.rounding itg. This-may be prevented byresorting 'to :various vknown'means l For :n- :stance the front endA Oftheiplunger maybe A:fittedwith a thin conicalzpin which pierces the material'orf the brick ,whenthelaltteli: is lpressed but.withdraws..together .with .the:.plungerf-:and allowslairjto enterl thehollow brick.y Far. fromJ beingdetrimental, the 'small `hole leftincthe wallof. the brickval- `r lowsHthe .vapours .formed in v the. CurSQ .,of

drying to escape from within the said brick.

nsoaaie also be prevented by borlongitudinally so that air enters thebrick when the said plunger recedes= In order to prevent the air passagefrom being stopped up, the front end of the plungenmay be provided witha kind of valve plate which closes when pressing takes place but isremoved from the mouth of the air passage at the time of withdrawal ofthe plunger by the pressure of a small spring or by the vacuum lformed.

Having now particularly describedY and ascertainedthe nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to beperformed, I declare thatwhat I claim; is

l. A process for the manufacture o ffhollow bricks closed on all sidesconsisting in a hollow bri-ck being first pressed with an open end andburrs of suitable thickness on two opposite walls and then pressing theburrs towards one another thereby forming a closed end having thedesired cross-sectional dimensions. *"5

2. A process for the manufacture of hollow bricks closed on all sidesconsisting in a hollow brick being first pressed in one operation withan open end and burrs on two opposite walls, the thickness of the burrsbeing such that a subsequent pressing towards one another of thethickened parts of the walls forms a closed end having at least thedesired cross-sectional dimensions and then pressing the burrs towardone another.

3. A process for the manufacture of hollow bricks closed on all sidesconsisting in a hollow brick being first pressed with an open end andburrs of suitable thickness on two opposite walls and then pressing theburrs towards one another thereby forming closed end having the desiredcross-sec tional dimensions a portion of the burrs being left as anouter strengthening of the wall of the lbrick to prevent the said wallfrom being deformed.

A vacuum may ing the plunger A: A process for the manufacture of hollowbricks closed on all sides consisting in a hollow brick being firstpressed with an open end and burrs of suitable thickness on two oppositewalls and then pressing the burrs towards one another thereby forming aclosed end having the desired cross-sec tional dimensions the burrs orthickened parts of the walls of the brick being formed in one operationtogether with the pressing of the brick.

5. A device for the manufacture of hollow bricks closed on all sidesconsisting in combination of a mould, lateral spaces thereon, said mouldand spaces being adapted to be filled with plastic material, a press ramor plunger adapted to press the hollow brick within said mould andspaces with an open end and thickened walls and pressmembers adapted topress the projecting thickened parts of the walls towards one anotherafter the plunger is withdrawn, for the purpose of closing the open endof the brick.

6. A device for the manufacture of hol-- low bricks closed on all sidesconsisting in combination of a mould, lateral spaces thereon, said mouldand spaces being adapted to be filled with plastic material, a press ramor plunger adapted vto press the hollow brick within said mould andspaces with an open end and thickened walls, a wedgelike plate adaptedto replace the cover after the plunger is withdrawn and press-me1 bersadapted to press the projecting thick` cned parts of the walls towardsone another after the plunger is withdrawn, for the purpose of closingthe open end of the brick, said wedge like plate performing anadditional amount of pressure due to the de- Flection caused by thewedge-like faces.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

DRGT. ING. HANS TREITEL.

